Vespa carnifex Fabricius, 1775:365,Brasilia (Mus. Banks); Richards, 1978Richards, O.W. 1978. The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London. 1-567.:441, Holotype ♀, examined (BMNH). - As Polistes carnifex: - Fabricius, 1775Fabricius, J.C. 1775. Systema Entomologiae sistens Insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Korte, Flensburgi et Lipsiae. 28+832 pp. (distribution); Guérin-Méneville, 1856Guérin-Méneville, M.F.E. 1856. Historia Fisica, Politica y Natural de la Isla de Cuba. Secunda Parte. Historia Natural. Tomo VII. Crustaceos, Aragnides é Insectos. Arthus Bertrand, Paris. 1-371. (distribution); Smith, 1857Smith, F. 1857. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part V. Vespidae. London. 147 pp. (distribution); Guérin-Méneville, 1857Guérin-Méneville, M.F.E. 1857. Animaux Articulés. Arthus Bertrand, Paris. 1-868. (distribution); Cresson, 1865Cresson, E.T. 1865. On the Hymenoptera of Cuba. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 4:200 pp. (distribution); Dalla Torre, 1894Dalla Torre, C.G. 1894. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus, IX. Vespidae (Diploptera). Guilelmi Engelmann, 181. (distribution); Ashmead, 1900Ashmead, W.H. 1900. Report upon the aculeate Hymenoptera of the islands of St. Vincent and Grenada, with additions to the parasitic Hymenoptera and a list of the described Hymenoptera of the West Indies. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London pt. II:207-367. (distribution); Viereck, 1902Viereck, H.L. 1902. Notes on Vespoidea. Entomological News 13 (9):273-274. (distribution); Cameron, 1906Cameron, P. 1906. On some Vespidae from Belize. Invertebrata Pacifica 1:150-153. (distribution); Cameron, 1912Cameron, P. 1912. The Hymenoptera of the Georgetown Museum. Part III. Timehri: The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of British Guiana 3rd ser. (2):207-231. (distribution); Rohwer & Holland, 1917Rohwer, S.A. & W.J. Holland 1917. List of the Hymenoptera collected on the Isle of Pines by G. A. Link, Sr., 1912-1913, and contained in the Carnegie Museum. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 11:291-296. (distribution); Cockerell, 1949Cockerell, T.D.A. 1949. Bees from Central America, principally Honduras. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 98 (No. 3233):429-490. (distribution); Starr, 1987Starr, C.K. 1987. Claves para la identificacion de las avispas sociales del Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Sphecos 15:13-20. (distribution); Carpenter & Vecht, 1991Carpenter, J.M. & J. van der Vecht 1991. A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 60 (3):211-241. (distribution); West-Eberhard et al., 1995West-Eberhard, M.J., J.M. Carpenter & P.E. Hanson 1995. The vespid wasps (Vespidae). In: Hanson, P.E. & I.D. Gauld (Ed.). The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. 561-587. (distribution); Starr & Hook, 2003Starr, C.K. & Hook, A.W. 2003. The aculeate Hymenoptera of Trinidad, West Indies. Occasional Papers o the Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies 12:1-31. (distribution); Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2010Ruíz-Cancino, E., D.R. Kasparyan, J.M. Coronado-Blanco, S.N. Myartseva, V.A. Trjapitzin, S.G. Hernández Aguilar & J. García Jiménez 2010. Himenópteros de la Reserva “El Cielo”, Tamaulipas, México. Dugesiana 17 (1):53-71. (distribution); Somavilla et al., 2018Somavilla, A., M.L. Oliveira, S.R. Andena & J.M. Carpenter 2018. An illustrated atlas for male genitalia of the New World Polistes Latreille, 1802 (Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 4504 (3):301-344. (distribution).