Species

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Chelonus insularis Cresson, 1865

Chelonus insularis Cresson, 1865:61, sex not indicated. 4 specimens, Cuba (Ent. Soc. Philad). - Cresson, 1865Cresson, E.T. 1865. On the Hymenoptera of Cuba. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 4:200 pp. (distribution); Dewitz, 1881Dewitz, H. 1881. Hymenopteren von Portorico. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 25:197-208. (distribution); Gundlach, 1887Gundlach, J. 1887. Apuntes para la fauna Puerto-Riqueña. Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural 16 (1):115-199. (distribution); Dalla Torre, 1898Dalla Torre, C.G. 1898. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. - IV: Braconidae. Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, VIII + 323. (distribution); Ashmead, 1900Ashmead, W.H. 1900. Report upon the aculeate Hymenoptera of the islands of St. Vincent and Grenada, with additions to the parasitic Hymenoptera and a list of the described Hymenoptera of the West Indies. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London pt. II:207-367. (distribution); Rohwer & Holland, 1917Rohwer, S.A. & W.J. Holland 1917. List of the Hymenoptera collected on the Isle of Pines by G. A. Link, Sr., 1912-1913, and contained in the Carnegie Museum. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 11:291-296. (distribution); Viereck, 1925Viereck, H.L. 1925. The wasp-like insects or Hymenoptera, exclusive of ants, collected by the Barbados-Antigua expedition from the University of Iowa in 1918. Studies in Natural History. University of Iowa 11:1-11. (distribution); Wolcott, 1948Wolcott, G.N. 1948. The insects of Puerto Rico. The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 32 (4):749-975. (distribution); Alayo, 1973Alayo, P.D. 1973. Catálogo de los Himenopteros de Cuba. Instituto Cubano del libro, La Habana. 1-218. (distribution); Maes, 1999 1999. Catalogo de los insectos y artropodos terrestres de Nicaragua. Volumen III. León, Nicaragua. 1170-1898. (distribution); Molina-Ochoa et al., 2001Molina-Ochoa, J., J.J. Hamm, R. Lezama-Gutiérrez, M. López-Edwards, M. González-Ramírez & A. Pescador-Rubio 2001. A survey of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) parasitoids in the Mexican States of Michoacán, Colima, Jalisco, and Tamaulipas. The Florida Entomologist 84 (1):31-36. (distribution); Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003Molina-Ochoa, J., J.E. Carpenter, E.A. Heinrichs & J.E. Foster 2003. Parasitoids and Parasites of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas and Caribbean Basin: An Inventory. The Florida Entomologist 86 (3):254-289. (distribution); Coronado et al., 2004Coronado Blanco, J.M., E. Ruíz Cancino & S.E. Varela Fuentes 2004. Adenda a Braconidae (Hymenoptera). In: Bousquets, J.L., J.J. Morrone, O.Y. Ordóñez & I.V. Fernández (Ed.). Biodiversidad, Taxonomía y Biogeografía de artrópodos de México: Hacia una síntesis de su conocimiento. Volumen IV. 713-720. (distribution); Rivero, 2006Rivero, A. 2006. Estudios de diversidad de insectos en la región Jibacoa-Hanabanilla. Macizo Guamuhaya. Centro Agrícola año 33 (no. 2. abr.-jun.):49-56. (distribution); Perez-Gelabert, 2008Perez-Gelabert, D.E. 2008. Arthropods of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti): A checklist and bibliography. Zootaxa 1831:1-530. (distribution); Sánchez-García et al., 2009Sánchez-García, J.A., M. Morales López, A. Martínez González & J.I. Figueroa-De la Rosa 2009. Catálogo de Bracónidos (Hymenoptera) del Estado de Oaxaca, México. Entomología mexicana 8:907-912. (distribution); Mestre Novoa et al., 2009Mestre Novoa, N., N. Novoa Fernández, A. Lozada Piña, R. Núñez, H. Grillo Ravelo, D. Rodríguez Velázquez, R. Rodríguez-León Merino, M. Hidalgo-Gato González, I. Fernández García, E. Pozo Velázquez & P. Herrera Oliver 2009. Insectos de interés agrícola presentes en Topes de Collantes, Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Centro Agrícola 36 (1):53-65. (distribution); López Martínez et al., 2010López Martínez, V., J.M. Coronado-Blanco, J.I. Figueroa De la Rosa, M.J. García Ramírez, H.D. González, I.A. Tejacal & J.A. Sánchez Garcia 2010. Braconidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) en Morelos. In: Toledo Hernández, V.H., A.M. Corona López, A. Flores Palacios, E. Tovar Sánchez, J.M. Coronado Blanco & E. Ruíz Cancino (Ed.). II Taller Internacional de Recursos Naturales. 1 al 3 de marzo de 2010, Cuernavaca, Morelos. 88-96. (distribution); Coronado-Blanco, 2011Coronado-Blanco, J. M. 2011. Braconidae (Hymenoptera) de Tamaulipas, México. Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas, México. 1-204. (distribution); Coronado-Blanco, 2013Coronado Blanco, J.M. 2013. La familia Braconidae (Hymenoptera) en México. Entomología mexicana 12 (1):31-46. (distribution); Alonso-Hernández et al., 2014Alonso-Hernández, N., J.A. Sanchez-García, J.I. Figueroa de la Rosa, V. López-Martínez, L. Martínez-Martínez, R. Pérez-Pacheco & C. Granados-Echegoyen 2014. Distribución espacial de Bracónidos (Hymenoptera) reportados en el Estado de Oaxaca. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (nueva serie) 30 (3):564-594. (distribution); Sánchez-García et al., 2015Sánchez-García, J.A., R.Jarquín-López, L. Martínez-Martínez, J.M. Coronado-Blanco & E. Ruíz-Cancino 2015. Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) del estado de Oaxaca, México. Entomología mexicana 2:823-829. (distribution); Coronado et al., 2018Coronado Blanco, J.M., G.I. Ventura-González, E. Ruíz-Cancino & A.I. Khalaim 2018. Conocimiento actual de Braconidae (Hymenoptera) del estado de Chihuahua, México. Boletín de la Sociedad Mexicana de Entomología (nueva serie) 4 (3):63-66. (distribution); Sánchez-García et al., 2019Sánchez-García, J.A., R.Jarquín-López, L. Martínez-Martínez & J.M. Coronado-Blanco 2019. Avances en el estudio de la familia Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) del estado de Oaxaca, México. Folia Entomológica Mexicana (nueva serie) 5 (1):9-17. (distribution); Perez-Gelabert, 2020Perez-Gelabert, D.E. 2020. Checklist, bibliography and quantitative data of the arthropods of Hispaniola. Zootaxa 4749:1-668. (distribution).
Chelonus texanus Cresson, 1872:179, ♀. 2 ♀♀, Texas (leg. Belfrage). - Ashmead, 1894Ashmead, W.H. 1894. Notes on cotton insects found in Mississippi. Insect Life 7 (3):240-247. (distribution); Dalla Torre, 1898Dalla Torre, C.G. 1898. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. - IV: Braconidae. Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, VIII + 323. (distribution); Cockerell, 1899Cockerell, T.D.A. 1899. A first list of the hymenopterous families Tenthredinidae, Siricidae, Chrysididae, Proctotrypidae, Cynipidae, Chalcididae and Braconidae collected in New Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 16:212-216. (distribution); Viereck, 1905Viereck, H.L. 1905. Notes and descriptions of Hymenoptera from the Western United States, in the collection of the University of Kansas. Transactions of the Annual Meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science 19:264-326. (distribution); Wolcott, 1948Wolcott, G.N. 1948. The insects of Puerto Rico. The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 32 (4):749-975. (distribution); Alayo, 1973Alayo, P.D. 1973. Catálogo de los Himenopteros de Cuba. Instituto Cubano del libro, La Habana. 1-218. (distribution); Krombein et al., 1979Krombein, K.V., P.D. Hurd, D.R. Smith & B.D. Burks 1979. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Volume 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 1-1198.:231 ( listed as synonym of Chelonus insularis Cresson, 1865); Maes, 1999 1999. Catalogo de los insectos y artropodos terrestres de Nicaragua. Volumen III. León, Nicaragua. 1170-1898.:1649 ( listed as synonym of Chelonus insularis Cresson, 1865); Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003Molina-Ochoa, J., J.E. Carpenter, E.A. Heinrichs & J.E. Foster 2003. Parasitoids and Parasites of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas and Caribbean Basin: An Inventory. The Florida Entomologist 86 (3):254-289.:264 ( listed as synonym of Chelonus insularis Cresson, 1865); Coronado et al., 2004Coronado Blanco, J.M., E. Ruíz Cancino & S.E. Varela Fuentes 2004. Adenda a Braconidae (Hymenoptera). In: Bousquets, J.L., J.J. Morrone, O.Y. Ordóñez & I.V. Fernández (Ed.). Biodiversidad, Taxonomía y Biogeografía de artrópodos de México: Hacia una síntesis de su conocimiento. Volumen IV. 713-720. (distribution).
Chelonus texanoides Viereck, 1905:286, ♀. Holotype ♀, Bill Williams Fork, Ariz., August, 1903 (University of Kansas, leg. F. H. Snow). Synonymized with Chelonus texanus Cresson, 1872 by Muesebeck, 1958Muesebeck, C.F.W. 1958. Family Braconidae. In: Krombein, K.V. (Ed.). Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico - Synoptic Catalog. Washington: U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Monograph No. 2. First Supplement, 305 pp. 18-36.:31. - Krombein et al., 1979Krombein, K.V., P.D. Hurd, D.R. Smith & B.D. Burks 1979. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Volume 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 1-1198.:231 ( listed as synonym of Chelonus insularis Cresson, 1865); Maes, 1999 1999. Catalogo de los insectos y artropodos terrestres de Nicaragua. Volumen III. León, Nicaragua. 1170-1898.:1649 ( listed as synonym of Chelonus insularis Cresson, 1865).
Chelonus exogyrus Viereck, 1905:287, ♀. Holotype ♀, Bill Williams Fork, Ariz., August, 1903 (University of Kansas, leg. F. H. Snow). Synonymized with Chelonus texanus Cresson, 1872 by Muesebeck, 1958Muesebeck, C.F.W. 1958. Family Braconidae. In: Krombein, K.V. (Ed.). Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico - Synoptic Catalog. Washington: U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Monograph No. 2. First Supplement, 305 pp. 18-36.:31. - Krombein et al., 1979Krombein, K.V., P.D. Hurd, D.R. Smith & B.D. Burks 1979. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Volume 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 1-1198.:232 ( listed as synonym of Chelonus insularis Cresson, 1865); Maes, 1999 1999. Catalogo de los insectos y artropodos terrestres de Nicaragua. Volumen III. León, Nicaragua. 1170-1898.:1649 ( listed as synonym of Chelonus insularis Cresson, 1865).
Chelonus bipustulatus Viereck, 1911:476, ♀. Holotype ♀, Chile (U.S.N.M., No. 13796, leg. presumably E.C. Reed). - Alayo, 1973Alayo, P.D. 1973. Catálogo de los Himenopteros de Cuba. Instituto Cubano del libro, La Habana. 1-218. (distribution); Krombein et al., 1979Krombein, K.V., P.D. Hurd, D.R. Smith & B.D. Burks 1979. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Volume 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 1-1198.:232 ( listed as synonym of Chelonus insularis Cresson, 1865); Zayas, 1982Zayas, F. de 1982. Sección Oligoneoptera - Orden Hymenoptera - Orden Strepsiptera. Editorial Científico-Técnica, Ciudad de la Habana. 1-111. (distribution); Maes, 1999 1999. Catalogo de los insectos y artropodos terrestres de Nicaragua. Volumen III. León, Nicaragua. 1170-1898.:1649 ( listed as synonym of Chelonus insularis Cresson, 1865).

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Area distribution map

map of Chelonus insularis Cresson, 1865

Distribution

ARGArgentina
 (Maes, 1999; Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003)
ATGAntigua and Barbuda
 (Viereck, 1925)
BRABrazil
 (Maes, 1999; Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003)
BRBBarbados
 (Maes, 1999; Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003)
CANCanada
 (Maes, 1999)
CHLChile
 (Viereck, 1911 [as Chelonus bipustulatus Viereck, 1911]; Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003)
COLColombia
 (Maes, 1999; Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003)
CUBCuba
 (Cresson, 1865; Gundlach, 1887; Dalla Torre, 1898; Ashmead, 1900; Rohwer & Holland, 1917; Wolcott, 1948; Alayo, 1973 [as Chelonus bipustulatus Viereck, 1911]; Alayo, 1973 [as Chelonus texanus Cresson, 1872]; Alayo, 1973; Zayas, 1982 [as Chelonus bipustulatus Viereck, 1911]; Maes, 1999; Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003; Rivero, 2006; Mestre Novoa et al., 2009)
HISHispaniola
 (Perez-Gelabert, 2008; Perez-Gelabert, 2020)
HNDHonduras
 (Maes, 1999; Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003)
HTIHaiti
 (Maes, 1999; Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003)
LANLesser Antilles
 (Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003)
MEXMexico
 (Maes, 1999; Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003; Coronado-Blanco, 2011; Coronado-Blanco, 2013)
MEX-ChiMexico - Chihuahua
 (Coronado et al., 2018)
MEX-ColMexico - Colima
 (Coronado et al., 2004)
MEX-JalMexico - Jalisco
 (Coronado et al., 2004)
MEX-MdOMexico - Michoacán
 (Coronado et al., 2004)
MEX-MéxMexico - México
 (Coronado et al., 2004 [as Chelonus texanus Cresson, 1872])
MEX-MorMexico - Morelos
 (Coronado et al., 2004; López Martínez et al., 2010)
MEX-OaxMexico - Oaxaca
 (Coronado et al., 2004; Sánchez-García et al., 2009; Alonso-Hernández et al., 2014; Sánchez-García et al., 2015; Sánchez-García et al., 2019)
MEX-SonMexico - Sonora
 (Coronado et al., 2004 [as Chelonus texanus Cresson, 1872])
NICNicaragua
 (Maes, 1999; Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003)
PERPeru
 (Maes, 1999)
PRIPuerto Rico
 (Dewitz, 1881; Gundlach, 1887; Ashmead, 1900; Wolcott, 1948 [as Chelonus texanus Cresson, 1872]; Wolcott, 1948; Maes, 1999; Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003)
TTOTrinidad and Tobago
 (Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003)
URYUruguay
 (Maes, 1999; Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003)
USAUnited States
 (Maes, 1999; Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003)
USA-FLUnited States - Florida
 (Molina-Ochoa et al., 2001)
USA-HawHawaii
 (Maes, 1999)
USA-KSUnited States - Kansas
 (Viereck, 1905 [as Chelonus texanus Cresson, 1872])
USA-MSUnited States - Mississippi
 (Ashmead, 1894 [as Chelonus texanus Cresson, 1872])
USA-NMUnited States - New Mexico
 (Cockerell, 1899 [as Chelonus texanus Cresson, 1872])
USA-TXUnited States - Texas
 (Cresson, 1872 [as Chelonus texanus Cresson, 1872]; Dalla Torre, 1898 [as Chelonus texanus Cresson, 1872]; Molina-Ochoa et al., 2001)
VENVenezuela
 (Maes, 1999; Molina-Ochoa et al., 2003)

Literature

  • Alayo, P.D. 1973. Catálogo de los Himenopteros de Cuba. Instituto Cubano del libro, La Habana. 1-218.
  • Alonso-Hernández, N., J.A. Sanchez-García, J.I. Figueroa de la Rosa, V. López-Martínez, L. Martínez-Martínez, R. Pérez-Pacheco & C. Granados-Echegoyen 2014. Distribución espacial de Bracónidos (Hymenoptera) reportados en el Estado de Oaxaca. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (nueva serie) 30 (3):564-594.
  • Ashmead, W.H. 1894. Notes on cotton insects found in Mississippi. Insect Life 7 (3):240-247.
  • Ashmead, W.H. 1900. Report upon the aculeate Hymenoptera of the islands of St. Vincent and Grenada, with additions to the parasitic Hymenoptera and a list of the described Hymenoptera of the West Indies. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London pt. II:207-367.
  • Cockerell, T.D.A. 1899. A first list of the hymenopterous families Tenthredinidae, Siricidae, Chrysididae, Proctotrypidae, Cynipidae, Chalcididae and Braconidae collected in New Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 16:212-216.
  • Coronado Blanco, J.M. 2013. La familia Braconidae (Hymenoptera) en México. Entomología mexicana 12 (1):31-46.
  • Coronado Blanco, J.M., E. Ruíz Cancino & S.E. Varela Fuentes 2004. Adenda a Braconidae (Hymenoptera). In: Bousquets, J.L., J.J. Morrone, O.Y. Ordóñez & I.V. Fernández (Ed.). Biodiversidad, Taxonomía y Biogeografía de artrópodos de México: Hacia una síntesis de su conocimiento. Volumen IV. 713-720.
  • Coronado Blanco, J.M., G.I. Ventura-González, E. Ruíz-Cancino & A.I. Khalaim 2018. Conocimiento actual de Braconidae (Hymenoptera) del estado de Chihuahua, México. Boletín de la Sociedad Mexicana de Entomología (nueva serie) 4 (3):63-66.
  • Coronado-Blanco, J. M. 2011. Braconidae (Hymenoptera) de Tamaulipas, México. Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas, México. 1-204.
  • Cresson, E.T. 1865. On the Hymenoptera of Cuba. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 4:200 pp.
  • Cresson, E.T. 1872. Hymenoptera Texana. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 4:153-292.
  • Dalla Torre, C.G. 1898. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. - IV: Braconidae. Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, VIII + 323.
  • Dewitz, H. 1881. Hymenopteren von Portorico. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 25:197-208.
  • Gundlach, J. 1887. Apuntes para la fauna Puerto-Riqueña. Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural 16 (1):115-199.
  • Krombein, K.V., P.D. Hurd, D.R. Smith & B.D. Burks 1979. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Volume 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 1-1198.
  • López Martínez, V., J.M. Coronado-Blanco, J.I. Figueroa De la Rosa, M.J. García Ramírez, H.D. González, I.A. Tejacal & J.A. Sánchez Garcia 2010. Braconidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) en Morelos. In: Toledo Hernández, V.H., A.M. Corona López, A. Flores Palacios, E. Tovar Sánchez, J.M. Coronado Blanco & E. Ruíz Cancino (Ed.). II Taller Internacional de Recursos Naturales. 1 al 3 de marzo de 2010, Cuernavaca, Morelos. 88-96.
  • 1999. Catalogo de los insectos y artropodos terrestres de Nicaragua. Volumen III. León, Nicaragua. 1170-1898.
  • Mestre Novoa, N., N. Novoa Fernández, A. Lozada Piña, R. Núñez, H. Grillo Ravelo, D. Rodríguez Velázquez, R. Rodríguez-León Merino, M. Hidalgo-Gato González, I. Fernández García, E. Pozo Velázquez & P. Herrera Oliver 2009. Insectos de interés agrícola presentes en Topes de Collantes, Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Centro Agrícola 36 (1):53-65.
  • Molina-Ochoa, J., J.E. Carpenter, E.A. Heinrichs & J.E. Foster 2003. Parasitoids and Parasites of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas and Caribbean Basin: An Inventory. The Florida Entomologist 86 (3):254-289.
  • Molina-Ochoa, J., J.J. Hamm, R. Lezama-Gutiérrez, M. López-Edwards, M. González-Ramírez & A. Pescador-Rubio 2001. A survey of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) parasitoids in the Mexican States of Michoacán, Colima, Jalisco, and Tamaulipas. The Florida Entomologist 84 (1):31-36.
  • Muesebeck, C.F.W. 1958. Family Braconidae. In: Krombein, K.V. (Ed.). Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico - Synoptic Catalog. Washington: U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Monograph No. 2. First Supplement, 305 pp. 18-36.
  • Perez-Gelabert, D.E. 2008. Arthropods of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti): A checklist and bibliography. Zootaxa 1831:1-530.
  • Perez-Gelabert, D.E. 2020. Checklist, bibliography and quantitative data of the arthropods of Hispaniola. Zootaxa 4749:1-668.
  • Rivero, A. 2006. Estudios de diversidad de insectos en la región Jibacoa-Hanabanilla. Macizo Guamuhaya. Centro Agrícola año 33 (no. 2. abr.-jun.):49-56.
  • Rohwer, S.A. & W.J. Holland 1917. List of the Hymenoptera collected on the Isle of Pines by G. A. Link, Sr., 1912-1913, and contained in the Carnegie Museum. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 11:291-296.
  • Sánchez-García, J.A., M. Morales López, A. Martínez González & J.I. Figueroa-De la Rosa 2009. Catálogo de Bracónidos (Hymenoptera) del Estado de Oaxaca, México. Entomología mexicana 8:907-912.
  • Sánchez-García, J.A., R.Jarquín-López, L. Martínez-Martínez & J.M. Coronado-Blanco 2019. Avances en el estudio de la familia Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) del estado de Oaxaca, México. Folia Entomológica Mexicana (nueva serie) 5 (1):9-17.
  • Sánchez-García, J.A., R.Jarquín-López, L. Martínez-Martínez, J.M. Coronado-Blanco & E. Ruíz-Cancino 2015. Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) del estado de Oaxaca, México. Entomología mexicana 2:823-829.
  • Viereck, H.L. 1905. Notes and descriptions of Hymenoptera from the Western United States, in the collection of the University of Kansas. Transactions of the Annual Meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science 19:264-326.
  • Viereck, H.L. 1911. Descriptions of one new genus and eight new species of Ichneumon-flies. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 40:475-480.
  • Viereck, H.L. 1925. The wasp-like insects or Hymenoptera, exclusive of ants, collected by the Barbados-Antigua expedition from the University of Iowa in 1918. Studies in Natural History. University of Iowa 11:1-11.
  • Wolcott, G.N. 1948. The insects of Puerto Rico. The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 32 (4):749-975.
  • Zayas, F. de 1982. Sección Oligoneoptera - Orden Hymenoptera - Orden Strepsiptera. Editorial Científico-Técnica, Ciudad de la Habana. 1-111.